| Acer rubrum |
Red maple |
Large Trees |
Bats, Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Fall colors, Nighttime Garden, Rain garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Streetside planting, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Heat, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Alnus serrulata |
Hazel alder, Smooth alder |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Erosion control, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
Fire, Heat, Soil compaction, Some foot traffic, Wet conditions |
| Andropogon gerardii |
Big bluestem, Big blue stem, Bluestem, Turkeyfoot |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Walkways, Winter interest |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Aronia melanocarpa |
Black chokeberry |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Fall colors, Flowering tree, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streetside planting |
Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Asarum canadense |
Common wild ginger |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Frogs and toads, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Asclepias syriaca |
Common milkweed |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Fragrant garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil |
| Baccharis halimifolia |
Groundsel tree, High-tide bush, High tide bush |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Erosion control, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
Heat, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Baptisia australis |
Blue false indigo, Blue wild indigo, False blue indigo |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Rain garden, Slope or Bank, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Fire, Poor soil |
| Baptisia tinctoria |
Yellow wild indigo, Horsefly weed |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Specimen, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil |
| Betula nigra |
River birch, Red birch |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Fall colors, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Heat, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Bignonia capreolata |
Cross-vine, Crossvine |
Vines |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Pollinator garden, Winter interest |
Dry soils, drought, Heat, Wet conditions |
| Campsis radicans |
Trumpet-creeper, Trumpet creeper, Trumpet vine, Hellvine, Cow-itch, Foxglove vine, Devil's shoestring |
Vines |
Erosion control, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Soil compaction |
| Carex grayi |
Gray's sedge |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Cutting garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Carex lurida |
Sallow sedge |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Rain garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
Wet conditions |
| Carex pensylvanica |
Pennsylvania sedge, Oak sedge, Plantainleaf sedge, Seersucker sedge |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Cephalanthus occidentalis |
Buttonbush |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Fragrant garden, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Fire, Heat, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Chamaecrista fasciculata |
Partridge pea, Prairie senna, Common partridge-pea |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds |
Dry soils, drought |
| Chasmanthium latifolium |
River oats, Indian wood oats, Inland sea oats, Wild oats, Wood-oat, Northern sea oats |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Seeds and nuts, Shade garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Chasmanthium laxum |
Slender spikegrass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Cornus amomum |
Silky dogwood |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Container garden, Erosion control, Erosion control, Fall colors, Flowering tree, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Dryopteris marginalis |
Marginal wood fern, Evergreen wood fern, Evergreen wood-fern, Evergreen woodfern, Leather wood fern, Marginal shield fern, Marginal shield-fern, Marginal woodfern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Border, Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Elymus hystrix |
Bottlebrush grass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Elymus virginicus |
Virginia wild rye, Eastern wild rye, Eastern wild-rye, Terrell grass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Erosion control, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
Wet conditions |
| Eragrostis spectabilis |
Purple lovegrass, Tumblegrass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Border, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Rain garden, Songbirds |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Heat, Poor soil, Salt, Some foot traffic |
| Eryngium aquaticum |
Rattlesnake-master, Marsh eryngo |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Cutting garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Wet conditions |
| Eupatorium perfoliatum |
Boneset, Common boneset |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Eutrochium fistulosum |
Hollow joe-pye-weed, Joe pye thoroughwort, Joe-pye weed |
Herbs |
Bats, Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Fire, Wet conditions |
| Fragaria virginiana |
Wild strawberry, Virginia strawberry |
Herbs |
Container garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Pollinator garden, Songbirds |
Dry soils, drought |
| Geranium maculatum |
Wild geranium |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Fire |
| Glyceria striata |
Fowl mannagrass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Erosion control, Songbirds |
|
| Hamamelis virginiana |
Witch hazel, Witchhazel |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Erosion control, Flowering tree, Fragrant garden, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Poor soil |
| Helianthus occidentalis |
Western sunflower, Fewleaf sunflower, Naked-stem sunflower |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Cutting garden, Erosion control, Pollinator garden, Songbirds |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil |
| Heliopsis helianthoides |
Oxeye, Smooth oxeye |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Cutting garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds |
Dry soils, drought, Heat, Poor soil |
| Hydrangea arborescens |
Wild hydrangea, Smooth hydrangea |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Erosion control, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Shade garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Specimen, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Fire, Salt |
| Hypericum prolificum |
Common st. john's-wort, Shrubby st. john's wort |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Ilex verticillata |
Winterberry |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest |
Salt, Wet conditions |
| Juncus effusus |
Soft rush, Common rush |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Container garden, Erosion control, Rain garden, Winter interest |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Juncus tenuis |
Path rush, Slender rush, Poverty rush |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Erosion control, Rain garden, Songbirds |
Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Lespedeza capitata |
Round-headed lespedeza, Round-headed bush-clover |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds |
Dry soils, drought |
| Muhlenbergia capillaris |
Hair-awn muhly, Long-awn hairgrass, Pink muhly |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Container garden, Cutting garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Meadows, Rock garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Heat, Poor soil, Salt |
| Muhlenbergia schreberi |
Nimblewill |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Erosion control, Lawn, Mass planting, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Onoclea sensibilis |
Sensitive fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Border, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Mass planting, Rain garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Panicum virgatum |
Switchgrass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Cutting garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
Virginia-creeper, Virginia creeper |
Vines |
Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Phlox divaricata |
Wild blue phlox, Woodland phlox |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Fragrant garden, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Phlox subulata |
Moss phlox, Moss-pink |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rock garden, Slope or Bank, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Poor soil, Salt |
| Pinus virginiana |
Virginia pine, Scrub pine |
Large Trees, Medium Trees |
Erosion control, Nighttime Garden, Rock garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Air pollution, Dry soils, drought |
| Polemonium reptans |
Jacob's ladder, Greek valerian, Spreading jacob's ladder |
Herbs |
Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Polygonatum biflorum |
Giant solomon's seal, Large solomon's-seal |
Herbs |
Border, Erosion control, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Pycnanthemum incanum |
Hoary mountain mint |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Pollinator garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Pycnanthemum tenuifolium |
Narrow-leaf mountain-mint, Slender mountain-mint |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Cutting garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Garden for the blind, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Quercus michauxii |
Swamp chestnut oak, Basket oak, Cow oak |
Large Trees |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Lawn, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Shade garden, Shade Tree, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Fire, Wet conditions |
| Rhus aromatica |
Fragrant sumac |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought |
| Rhus copallinum |
Winged sumac, Flameleaf sumac, Shining sumac |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds |
Dry soils, drought, Fire, Poor soil |
| Rhus glabra |
Smooth sumac |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Fire, Heat |
| Rhus typhina |
Staghorn sumac |
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees |
Edible garden, Erosion control, Fall colors, Hedges, privacy screening, Nighttime Garden, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments |
| Rosa palustris |
Swamp rose |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Fragrant garden, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds |
Wet conditions |
| Rudbeckia hirta |
Gloriosa daisy, Black eyed susan, Black-eyed susan |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Cutting garden, Erosion control, Low growing, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Seeds and nuts, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Streetside planting |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Some foot traffic |
| Rudbeckia laciniata |
Cut-leaved coneflower, Tall coneflower, Green-headed coneflower, Wild goldenglow, Cutleaf coneflower |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Salix nigra |
Black willow |
Medium Trees |
Butterfly garden, Drought tolerant garden, Erosion control, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Seeds and nuts, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Sambucus canadensis |
Common elderberry |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Barrier, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Flowering tree, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Schoenoplectus pungens var. pungens |
Chairmaker's rush, Common threesquare |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Erosion control, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
Salt |
| Senna hebecarpa |
American senna, Northern wild senna |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
Dry soils, drought |
| Senna marilandica |
Maryland wild senna, Southern wild senna |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
|
| Sisyrinchium angustifolium |
Narrow-leaved blue-eyed-grass, Narrow-leaved blue-eyed grass, Blue-eyed grass, Bermuda blue-eyed grass , Blue eyes , Grass flower , Narrowleaf blue-eyed grass , Narrow-leaf blue-eyed-grass , Sassy grass , Stout blue-eyed grass |
Herbs |
Border, Container garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Rain garden, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Sorghastrum nutans |
Indian grass, Yellow indian grass |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Rain garden, Songbirds, Streams, ponds, wetlands |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Symphyotrichum oblongifolium |
Aromatic aster |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Walkways |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil |
| Tiarella cordifolia |
Heart-leaved foamflower |
Herbs |
Butterfly garden, Container garden, Erosion control, Shade garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Tradescantia ohiensis |
Ohio spiderwort, Smooth spiderwort |
Herbs |
Border, Cutting garden, Drought tolerant garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Walkways, Woodlands and woods edge |
Dry soils, drought |
| Uvularia sessilifolia |
Sessile bellwort, Wild-oats |
Herbs |
Border, Edible garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Shade garden, Woodlands and woods edge |
|
| Viburnum dentatum |
Arrow-wood, Arrow-wood viburnum, Arrowwood viburnum, Southern arrowwood |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Border, Butterfly garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Fall colors, Flowering tree, Hedges, privacy screening, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Rooftops, Songbirds, Streetside planting |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Viola lanceolata |
Lance-leaved violet, Narrow-leaved violet |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Viola sororia |
Common blue violet, Confederate violet |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Container garden, Edible garden, Erosion control, Lawn, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Shade garden, Songbirds, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |
| Parthenium integrifolium |
Common wild quinine, American feverfew, Eastern feverfew |
Herbs |
Border, Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Meadows, Pollinator garden |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil |
| Swida amomum |
Silky dogwood |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Erosion control, Hedges, privacy screening, Mass planting, Pollinator garden, Rain garden, Songbirds, Specimen, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Woodlands and woods edge |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |
| Amauropelta noveboracensis |
New york fern |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Border, Erosion control, Mass planting, Shade garden, Streams, ponds, wetlands, Winter interest, Winter interest, Woodlands and woods edge |
Wet conditions |
| Anatherum ternarium |
Splitbeard bluestem, Silvery bluestem |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Border, Butterfly garden, Erosion control, Mass planting, Meadows, Pollinator garden, Slope or Bank, Songbirds, Specimen, Winter interest |
Dry soils, drought |